Note: This article is for general information purposes and does not replace individual dental advice.
Gum recession (gingival recession) is a widespread problem: the gums pull back and expose the sensitive tooth necks. The consequences can be sensitivity to pain, changes in appearance and, at an advanced stage, even tooth loss. The earlier gum recession is detected, the better the treatment options.
What is gum recession?
Around healthy teeth, the gums enclose the tooth neck tightly and protect the sensitive tooth root. With gum recession, the gums pull back and expose parts of the tooth neck or even the root. The exposed areas are not covered by protective enamel and therefore react sensitively to external stimuli.
Causes of gum recession
Incorrect brushing technique
One of the most common causes: too much pressure when brushing or a toothbrush that is too hard can injure the gums mechanically and lead to recession in the long term. Horizontal scrubbing movements in particular damage the gums. Make sure you use a gentle brushing technique with a soft or medium toothbrush.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is a bacterial inflammation of the tissues that hold the teeth in place and one of the main causes of gum recession. The bacteria attack the gums and the jawbone, causing the gums to detach and pull back. Left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.
Other causes
- Genetic predisposition: Some people naturally have thinner gums that are more prone to recession
- Teeth grinding (bruxism): The excessive strain can damage the gums and bone. An occlusal splint can help
- Misaligned teeth: Uneven loading of individual teeth can promote localised gum recession
- Smoking: Tobacco use impairs the blood supply to the gums and encourages inflammation
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, puberty or the menopause can make the gums more sensitive
- Piercings: Lip or tongue piercings can cause gum recession through constant rubbing
Recognising the symptoms
- Teeth look longer than they used to
- Sensitive tooth necks – pain with hot, cold or sweet foods
- Visible tooth necks or darker discolouration at the tooth neck
- Notches or grooves where the tooth meets the gum
- Bleeding gums when brushing or using dental floss
- Red or swollen gums
Treatment options for gum recession
Professional teeth cleaning
Regular professional teeth cleaning removes bacterial deposits and tartar that trigger gum inflammation. It is an important basis for preventing further recession.
Periodontitis treatment
If periodontitis is the cause, the inflammation must be treated specifically. In periodontal therapy, the gum pockets are thoroughly cleaned and bacteria are removed.
Gum graft
In advanced gum recession, surgical coverage of the exposed tooth necks can be advisable. Tissue (for example from the palate) is transplanted to the affected area to cover and protect the tooth neck again. We do not carry out this procedure ourselves; if necessary, we refer you to a specialised practice.
Sealing of sensitive tooth necks
Exposed tooth necks can be sealed with special varnishes or resins to reduce sensitivity and protect the surface from decay.
Home remedies for gum recession
Home remedies can provide support but do not replace dental treatment:
- Salt water rinse: Has a disinfecting effect and can soothe mild gum inflammation
- Aloe vera gel: Applied to the gums, it can have a soothing effect
- Green tea: The antioxidants it contains can reduce inflammation
Important: Gums that have already receded do not grow back on their own. Home remedies can at most ease accompanying inflammation; they do not reverse the recession.
Preventing gum recession
- Gentle, circular brushing movements instead of horizontal scrubbing
- Use a soft or medium toothbrush
- Use an electric toothbrush with a pressure sensor
- Use dental floss or interdental brushes regularly
- Professional teeth cleaning once or twice a year
- Regular check-ups at the dentist
- Do not smoke
- If you grind your teeth, wear an occlusal splint
This article is for general information purposes and does not replace professional dental advice. If you have symptoms, please contact your dentist.
