Note: This article is for general information purposes and does not replace individual dental advice.
Almost everyone has experienced bleeding gums: when brushing or using dental floss, blood suddenly appears. Many people consider this normal – but bleeding gums are always a warning sign. In most cases, they indicate inflammation of the gums and should not be ignored.
Causes of bleeding gums
Gum inflammation (gingivitis)
The most common cause of bleeding gums is gum inflammation (gingivitis). Bacterial deposits (plaque) on the tooth surfaces and along the gum line trigger an inflammatory reaction. The gums become red, swell and bleed when touched.
Gingivitis is reversible: with good oral hygiene and a professional teeth cleaning, it usually clears up completely.
Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can develop into periodontitis. The inflammation then attacks not only the gums but also the jawbone and the tissues that hold the teeth in place. Bleeding gums are one of the first symptoms.
Other causes
- Brushing too hard: Excessive pressure or a toothbrush that is too hard can injure the gums
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy (pregnancy gingivitis), puberty or taking hormonal contraceptives can make the gums more sensitive
- Medication: Blood-thinning medication or certain blood pressure medicines can cause gum overgrowth that bleeds more easily
- Vitamin C deficiency: Can lead to weakened gums
- Smoking: Paradoxically, smokers' gums often bleed less even though the inflammation is more severe – the nicotine constricts the blood vessels and masks the symptoms
- Diabetes: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of gum inflammation
- Poorly fitting dental restorations: Pressure points or overhanging crown margins can irritate the gums
What to do about bleeding gums
Do not stop brushing
The most common mistake: many people brush more cautiously when their gums bleed, or stop altogether. This makes the problem worse, because even more plaque builds up. Keep brushing – but with the right technique and a soft toothbrush.
Correct brushing technique
- Use a soft toothbrush
- Brush with gentle pressure in circular or sweeping movements from the gum towards the tooth
- Clean between your teeth every day with dental floss or interdental brushes
- More tips on brushing your teeth correctly
Mouth rinses
- Salt water: Dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in lukewarm water and rinse your mouth several times a day
- Antibacterial mouthwashes: Chlorhexidine rinses can reduce the number of bacteria in the short term (do not use permanently)
- Camomile tea: Use cooled as a rinse – soothing and anti-inflammatory
When to see a dentist
See a dentist promptly if:
- The bleeding occurs regularly (even with gentle brushing)
- The gums are red, swollen or tender to the touch
- You notice bad breath that does not go away despite good hygiene
- The gums are receding and tooth necks are exposed
- Teeth feel loose or change position
- The bleeding occurs spontaneously, without touching or brushing
At our practice in Düsseldorf, we examine your gums thoroughly, measure the gum pockets if necessary and draw up an individual treatment plan. Call us on 0211 – 497 67 69.
Professional treatment
- Professional teeth cleaning: Removes hard and soft deposits that cannot be reached with a toothbrush. One of the most important measures for bleeding gums
- Periodontitis treatment: For deeper gum pockets and bone loss, systematic periodontal therapy is necessary
- Checking dental restorations: Poorly fitting crowns or fillings are corrected
Preventing bleeding gums
- Brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day with a soft toothbrush
- Clean between your teeth every day (dental floss or interdental brushes)
- Regular professional teeth cleaning (once or twice a year)
- Check-ups every six months
- Do not smoke
- Eat a balanced diet with sufficient vitamin C
- If your gums bleed, do not stop brushing – improve your technique instead
This article is for general information purposes and does not replace professional dental advice. If you have symptoms, please contact your dentist.
